A dummy argument is NOT created when a routine is called in which of the following situations?

• A. With a constant as parameter
• B. With the attributes(s) of the arguments and parameters are not the same
• C. Using SUBSTR as one of the arguments
• D. Where the attributes(s) of the arguments and parameters are the same

What happens to STATIC variables declared in a procedure when the procedure is called recursively?

• A. The values of STATIC variables from the previous invocation are saved and are available when the
  current invocation ends.
• B. STATIC variables are allocated and initialized at each new invocation.
• C. The values of STATIC variables from the previous invocation are lost.
• D. STATIC variables are allocated only once and can, therefore, be used for communication between
  invocations.

Which of the following structures will NOT contain padding bytes if the PL/I default for alignment is
applied?

• A. DCL 1 A, 2 B FLOAT DEC (16), 2 C FLOAT DEC (5,2), 2 D CHAR (3), 2 E FIXED BIN (31), 2 F FLOAT
  DEC (16);
• B. DCL 1 A, 2 B FLOAT DEC (16), 2 F FLOAT DEC (16), 2 E FIXED BIN (31), 2 C FIXED DEC (5,2), 2 D
  CHAR (3);
• C. DCL 1 A, 2 E FIXED BIN (31), 2 C FIXED DEC (5,2), 2 B FLOAT DEC (16), 2 F FLOAT DEC (16), 2 D
  CHAR (3);
• D. DCL 1 A, 2 B FLOAT DEC (16), 2 F FLOAT DEC (16), 2 C FIXED DEC (5,2), 2 E FIXED BIN (31), 2 D
  CHAR (3);

Requirement:
All the characters of the CHAR(3) variable X must be tested to be numeric. Which of the following
solutions meets the requirement and does not require essential structural modifications when the
requirement is changed to the following: The first character of the CHAR(3) variable X must be tested to
be uppercase alphabetic, while the two other characters must be tested to be numeric.

• A. DCL NUM CHAR(10) VALUE('0l 23456789');
  IF VERIFY(X,NUM) = 0
  THEN ... /*NUMERIC*/
• B. DCL ALPHA CHAR(26) VALUE('ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ');
  DCL NUM CHAR(10) VALUE('0123456789');
  IF TRANSLATE(X,(26)'A'!I(10)'9'ALPHA!!NUM) = '999'
  THEN ... ; /*NUMERIC*/
• C. DCL Y PIC'999';
  DCL SWITCH BIT(1) INIT('1'B);
  ON CONVERSION BEGIN;
  SWITCH =
  ONSOURCE = '000';
  END;
  Y = X;
  IF SWITCH
  THEN ... ; /*NUMERIC*/
• D. IFX >= '000' & X <= '999'
  THEN ... /*NUMERIC*/

Requirement:
The function LEAPYEAR evaluates a given 4-digit number and returns '1'B if it is a leap year, '0'B if it is
not. This function is supposed to work for the years 2004 to 2015.
Leap years occur every four years, except for years ending in 00 that are not divisible by 400. Which of
the following solutions meets the requirement and does NOT need to be changed if the requirement
changes to: The function is supposed to work for the years 1900 to 3000.

• A. LEAPYEAR:PROC(YEAR) RETURNS(BIT(1));
  DCL YEAR PlC '9999';
  DCL (MOD,VERIFY) BUILTIN;
  SELECT;
  WHEN (VERIFY(YEAR '0123456769') ^= 0) RETURN('0'B); WHEN (MOD(YEAR,100) = 0)
  RETURN('0'B);
  WHEN (MOD(YEAR,400) = 0) RETURN('1'B);
  WHEN (MOD(YEAR,4) = 0) RETURN('1'B);
  OTHERRETURN('0'B);
  END;
  END LEAPYEAR;
• B. LEAPYEAR: PROC(YEAR) RETURNS(BIT(1));
  DCL YEAR PlC '9999';
  DCL VERIFY BUILTIN;
  IFVERIFY(YEAR,0123456789)^= 0 THEN RETURN('0'B);
  SELECT(YEAR);
  WHEN (2004) RETURN('1'B);
  WHEN (2008) RETURN('1'B);
  WHEN (2012) RETURN('1'B);
  OTHER RETURN('0'B);
  END;
  END LEAPYEAR;
• C. LEAPYEAR: PROC(YEAR) RETURNS(BIT(1));
  DCL YEAR PlC '9999';
  DCL (MOD,VERIFY) BUILTIN;
  SELECT;
  WHEN (VERIFY(YEAR,'0l23456789') ^= 0) RETURN('0'B);
  WHEN (MOD(YEAR,100) = 0)RETURN('0'B);
  WHEN (MOD(YEAR,4) = 0)RETURN('1'B);
  OTHERRETURN('0'B);
  END;
  END LEAPYEAR;
• D. LEAPYEAR:PROC(YEAR) RETURNS(BIT(1));
  DCL YEAR PlC '9999';
  DCL (MOD,VERIFY) BUILTIN;
  SELECT;
  WHEN (VERIFY(YEAR '0123456789') ^= 0) RETURN('0'B);
  WHEN (MOD(YEAR,400) = 0) RETURN('l'B); WHEN (MOD(YEAR,100) = 0) RETURN('0'B);
  WHEN (MOD(YEAR,4) = 0) RETURN('1'B); OTHER RETURN('0'B);
  END;
  END LEAPYEAR;